### What are the different types of waves?

Basically waves can be three types:

1. Mechanical waves

2. Electromagnetic waves

3. Matter waves

### Mechanical waves

Waves which can be produced and propagated only in a material medium are known as mechanical waves.
Water waves, sound waves, waves on string, seismic waves etc. are the example of mechanical waves.
The propagation of mechanical wave depends on the elasticity and inertia of the medium. Thus, these waves are known as elastic waves.

Mechanical waves are two types: Transverse waves and longitudinal waves.

#### Transverse waves

Waves on the water surface, light waves, wave generated on the string etc are the examples of transverse waves.

#### Longitudinal wave

Sound wave propagated in air is the example of longitudinal waves.

### Electromagnetic waves

Those waves which requires no material medium for their production and propagation, this means it propagates in vacuum. Such waves are called electromagnetic waves.
Visible light, ultraviolet light, radio waves, microwaves, X-rays etc are the examples of electromagnetic waves.

### Matter waves

These waves are associated with moving particles of matter like electrons, protons, neutrons, atoms, molecules etc.

### How many fundamental and supplementary units in SI?

In SI, there are seven base ( fundamental ) units and two supplementary units.
Base unit

Physical quantity

Unit

Symbol

Mass

Kilogram

kg

Length

Metre

m

Time

Second

s

Temperature

Kelvin

K

Electric current

Ampere

A

Luminous intensity

Candela

cd

Quantity of matter

Mole

mol

Supplementary units

Physical quantity

Unit

Symbol

Plane angle

Solid angle

sr

Conversion factor
Conversion of length

1 centimetre = 10-2 metre
1 millimetre = 10-3metre
1 micrometre = 10-6metre
1 nanometre = 10-9 metre
1 angstrom= 10-10 metre
1 fermi = 10-15 metre
1 kilometre = 103 metre
1 austronomical unit = 1AU=1.496 × 1011 metre
1 light year = 1 ly = 9.461 ×1015metre
1 mile = 1.609 ×103 metre
1 yard = 0.9144 metre
1 inch = 0.0254 metre

Conversion of time

1 mili second= 10-3 second
1 micro second = 10-6 second
1 neno second = 10-9 second
1 hour = 60 minute = 3600 second
1 day = 24 hours =86400 second
1 year = 365 day = 3.156× 107 second
1 sec = 10-8second

Conversion of mass

1 gram = 10 -3 kg
1 quintal = 100 kg
1 tonne = 1000 kg
1 slug = 14.59…

### What is the Universal law of gravitation?

Force of attraction between two masses $$m_1$$ and $$m_2$$ is given by, $$F = \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$ Where, r is the distance between two masses $$m_1$$ and $$m_2$$. G is a constant, called the Universal gravitational constant. That is called Universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity ( variation formula ) If a body is falling freely, under the effect of gravity, then the acceleration in the body is called acceleration due to gravity. Variation in acceleration due to gravity with height Acceleration due to gravity at a height h above the surface of earth is, $$g' = g (1 - \frac{2h}{R_e})$$ Where, Re is the radius of the earth. g is the acceleratin due to gravity. Variation in acceleration due to gravity with depth Acceleration due to gravity at a depth d below the surface of earth is, $$g' = g (1 - \frac{d}{R_e})$$ Where, Re is the radius of the earth. g is the acceleratin due to gravity. Variation in acceleration due to gravity with rotatio…

### Differentiation formula

Fomulae of Differentiation d⁄dx (c) = 0   Where c is constant.d⁄dx (cx) = c   Where c is constant.du⁄dt = du⁄dx ⋅ dx⁄dtd⁄dx (u+v) = du⁄dx + dv⁄dxd⁄dx (uv) = u dv⁄dx + v du⁄dxd⁄dx ( xn ) = n xn-1  Where n is real number.d⁄dx un = n un-1du⁄dx   Where u is function of x.d⁄dx sin x = cos x d⁄dx cos x = -sin x d⁄dx tan x = sec2 x d⁄dx cot x = - cosec2 x d⁄dx sec x = tan x sec x d⁄dx cosec x = - cot x cosec x d⁄dx loge x = 1⁄xd⁄dx loge u = 1⁄udu⁄dxd⁄dx ( ex ) = exd⁄dx ( eax ) = a eaxd⁄dx sin ax = a cos ax d⁄dx sin (ax+b) = a cos (ax+b) d⁄dx cos ax = - a sin ax d⁄dx cos (ax+b) = - a sin (ax+b)